Building the City of Madina: A Comparison of Pasuruan and Madina from the Perspective of Chapra and Fukuyama

Abstract

This study aims to formulate and analyze the concept of the Contemporary City of Medina through the synergy of M. Umer Chapra's Islamic political-economic thought with Francis Fukuyama's social capital and institutional theory. Pasuruan City is used as an empirical case study, while Medina City is positioned as a normative-historical reference. This approach departs from a critique of the modern urban development paradigm that overemphasizes economic growth and technocratic efficiency, while often neglecting distributive justice, public ethics, and the quality of social relations. Using qualitative methods and a comparative design, the study views the city as a complex, adaptive entity shaped by the dynamic interaction between economic, social, institutional, and normative-spiritual dimensions. Data were obtained through a review of primary literature by Chapra and Fukuyama, historical documentation of Medina City, and studies on urban governance and sustainability. Secondary data include the RPJMD (Regional Medium-Term Development Plan), RTRW (Regional Spatial Plan), and socio-economic statistics of Pasuruan City, supplemented by semi-structured interviews with planning officials, religious scholars, community leaders, and local entrepreneurs. Content and thematic analysis were used to operationalizeto operationalize Chapra's concepts of justice, welfare, basic needs, and economic ethics, and to use Fukuyama's concepts of trust, social capital, institutional capacity, and rule of law as evaluation indicators. The results show that historical Medina serves as an ideal model, supported by high social capital, legitimate institutions, and an orientation towards collective welfare. Meanwhile, Pasuruan shows institutional progress and public services, but still faces social inequality, weak citizen participation, and limited integration of ethics into governance. The Chapra-Fukuyama integration produces a conceptual model of a city that emphasizes the harmony among maqasid al-shariah, good governance, and the SDGs through Islamic ethical governance and the co-governance of government and civil society, serving as a guide for just, inclusive, and sustainable city development.