Perbandingan Efektivitas Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial Dan Parlementer Dalam Pengambilan Kebijakan Publik

Abstract

This study aims to comparatively analyze the effectiveness of presidential and parliamentary systems of government in public policymaking. Differences in institutional design between the two systems, particularly in the relationship between the executive and legislative branches, are key factors influencing the speed, stability, and quality of the resulting policies. This study employed a qualitative approach with library research, utilizing secondary data sourced from scientific literature, reference books, and reports from relevant international institutions. The results indicate that parliamentary systems tend to be more effective in producing responsive and efficient public policies, supported by the fusion of powers mechanism between the executive and legislative branches. Conversely, presidential systems demonstrate superior leadership stability through fixed terms, but are susceptible to political deadlock due to the rigidity of the separation of powers, particularly in multiparty systems. Furthermore, the effectiveness of both systems is also influenced by intervening variables such as the party system, coalition stability, political culture, and bureaucratic capacity to implement public policy. The findings of this study confirm that the effectiveness of public policy is not solely determined by the typology of the government system, but rather by institutional capacity and the ability of political actors to adaptively manage power dynamics. Therefore, strengthening institutional design and reforming governance are necessary to achieve effective, accountable, and sustainable public policy.